A small, intermediately tolerant tree native to the northern northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada with a disjunct in the southern Appalachians. It is best developed in limestone soils but also found near bogs. Leaves are persistent, generally scalelike, not lustrous, 1/8" long, glandular, and decussate. Cones are 1/2" and erect with thin, woody scales. Wood is durable and the tree is important wildlife cover.