Transcontinental across Canada, south of the tundra. At upper elevations, it extends south through New England to North Carolina and Tennessee.

Major Tree Species:

white spruce, balsam fir, paper birch. Toward western Canada, black spruce, tamarack, and jack pine become more important. Aspen and balsam poplar are early-successional. From New England south, red spruce replaces white spruce, and in the southern Appalachians, Fraser fir replaces balsam fir and yellow birch replaces paper birch.