I. Introduction of theme and purpose, including causes of war
II. Croesus of Lydia: first to conquer Greeks in Asia
A. Flashback: Lydian history before Croesus
1. Heraclids
2. Caudaules and Gyges
3. Mermnadae (chronological
order)
a. Gyges b. Ardys c. Sadyattes
d. Alyattes: war with Milesians
i. Burning of temple
ii. Consultation of oracle
iii. Thrasybulus king of Miletus warned by Periander
Story of Arion and the dolphin
iv. Conclusion (of war and Alyattes' reign)
B. Croesus' accomplishments: conquest of or alliance
with Greek states
1. Solon's visit
a. Tellus of Athens b. Cleobis and Biton
c. The moral
2. Nemesis: Atys and Adrastus
a. Adrastus' story b. The boar hunt
c. Divine causation
C. War on Persia
1. Oracles
2. Digression on the Greek
states
a. General remarks on Dorians, Ionians, Pelasgians
b. Athens: history, Pisistratus to dramatic present
i. Hippocrates and the omen ii. Peisistratus' three seizures
of power
c. Sparta: history, Lycurgus to dramatic present
i. Lycurgus ii. War with Tegea, and bones of Orestes
d. Croesus' alliance with Sparta
3. The invasion of Cappadocia
a. Sandanis' advice (cf. end of Book IX)
b. Brief history of Cappadocia, with geography of Asia Minor
c. Causes
i. Oracle (misleading)
ii. Family ties with Astyages, deposed king of Medes
History of Scythians
War with Medes
Eclipse (Thales) Alliance
d. The march of invasion
i. River-crossing (Thales) ii. Devastation
e. Cyrus' response
i. Overtures to Ionian Greeks ii. Drawn battle
4. Croesus' retreat
a. Sends for reinforcements (Egypt, Babylon, Lacedaemon)
b. Disbands mercenaries
c. Portents
d. Cyrus cheats
i. Battle
ii. Siege
Croesus calls for help
Digression on Thyreae: battles with Argos Preparations
too late
End of siege
Meles story Observation by Hyroaedes
5. The end
a. Miracle 1: the dumb son
b. Fulfillment of Delphic oracle
c. Miracle 2: salvation of Croesus (Solon)
d. Croesus and Cyrus
i. Good advice
ii. Confronting the oracle
iii. Postscript on Croesus' offerings
6. Geography and ethnography
of Lydia
III. Cyrus
A. Introduction of topic (questions)
B. Ancient history: Medes
1. Deioces
a. Rise to power b. Arrangements
2. Phraortes
3. Cyaxares
a. Nineveh b. Scythians
4. Astyages
C. Cyrus' birth and salvation; upbringing
1. Mandane, Cambyses, and
dreams 2. Harpagus and the herdsman
3. Recognition
4. Revolt
D. Persian customs
E. Persian takeover of Ionia
1. Greek cities ask Sparta
for help
2. Digression on Ionians
a. Climate b. Lack of political unity/power
c. Migrations & divisions of Achaea d. Pretensions
3. Digression on Aeolians
Digression on loss of Smyrna
4. Embassy to Sparta: Lacedaemonians
warn Cyrus
5. Subjugation of Asian
Greeks
a. Revolt of Pactyes and Lydians: change of customs
b. Pactyes as suppliant; repercussions
c. Campaigns of Harpagus
i. Digression: Phocaean migration and fate in the west
ii. Migration of Teans
iii. Defeat of Greek cities
6. Persian campaign vs.
others in Asia Minor
a. Digressions on history of these peoples:
i. Carians ii. Caunians iii.
Lycians
b. Takeover of
i. Carians ii. Lycians iii. Caunians
F. Cyrus' conquests
1. Cyrus and Assyria
a. History and building of Babylon, Semiramis and Nitocris
b. Punishing the Gyndes river
c. Capture of Babylon Wealth
d. Assyrian agriculture, river-travel, customs
2. Cyrus and the Massagetae
a. Geography
b. The campaign: Cyrus' defeat and death
Foreshadowing: Cyrus' dream about Darius
c. Customs of the Massagetae
Herodotus Book V
I. Persians in Europe under Megabazus begin hostilities vs. Greeks in Thrace
A. Perinthians
Perinthians vs. Paeonians
B. Other cities in Thrace
C. Thracian population, customs
D. Country north of Thrace
E. Darius at Sardis
1. Rewards Histiaeus and
Coes
2. Paeonians transferred
F. Megabazus sends to Macedonia
Alexander and the Persian envoys
G. Megabazus in Asia
1. Delivers Paeonians
2. Warning about Histiaeus
3. Otanes' conquests
II. Trouble in Ionia
A. Naxos and Miletus
1. Digression: Miletus and
Paros
2. Naxian exiles apply for
help
3. Aristagoras and Artaphernes
make a deal
a. Aristagoras fails
b. Histiaeus' envoy arrives
c. Decision to rebel
B. Steps to aid rebellion
1. Getting rid of tyrants
in Greek cities
2. Sending for allies
C. Sparta
1. Background: Cleomenes
now king
a. Cleomenes' birth (Anaxandrides' wives)
b. History of Cleomenes' brother Dorieus
i. Sybaris and Croton
ii. End of Dorieus
2. Aristagoras at Sparta
a. Discussion
b. The map
c. Cleomenes avoids bribery
d. Digression on royal road
D. Athens
1. Background
a. Liberation from Pisistratids
i. Murder of Hipparchus
Digression: origin of Gephyraei
Phoenician writing
introduction into Greece
survival in inscriptions
ii. Hippias
Alcmaeonids bribe Delphic oracle
Spartans drive out Hippias
Anchimolius' failed attempt
Cleomenes' success
Peisistratid genealogy
b. Remarkable Athenian deeds (510-499 BCE)
i. Cleisthenes vs. Isagoras
Cleisthenes' reforms
His grandfather Cleisthenes at Sicyon
Other reforms
Cleomenes and Isagoras
Curse on Alcmaeonids
Origin of curse
Cleomenes driven out
Recall of Alcmaeonids
Abortive alliance with Persia
ii. Cleomenes' invasion of Attica
Boeotian attack on Attica
Cleomenes vs. Demaratus
Athenians defeat Boeotians
Observations on the value of freedom
iii. Alliance of Thebes and Aegina vs. Athens
Origin of Athenian/Aeginetan hatred
iv. New trouble for Sparta
Discovery (Delphi)
Recall of Hippias by Spartans
Desire to destroy growing power of Athens (foreshadowing)
Protest by Corinth
Story of Cypselus and Periander
Hippias' prediction (foreshadowing)
Disbanding the allied army
Hippias goes to Darius' court
c. Aristagoras persuades the Athenians
Beginning of the evils
E. Aristagoras in Asia
1. Paeonians go home
2. Allied Greek invasion
a. Burning of Sardis
b. Retreat of Athenians
3. Remainder of war in Ionia
a. Caunus
b. Cyprus
c. Darius
i. Shoots the arrow
ii. Sends Histiaeus to the coast
d. Persians retain Cyprus
i. Sea battle
ii. Land battle
Onesilus vs. Artybius
e. Hellespont
f. Caria
F. Flight and Death of Aristagoras