DISADVANTAGE/PLAN CAUSES MISSILE DEFENSE

LINK: INCREASED FEAR OF "ROGUE STATES" INCREASES SUPPORT FOR NMD

ROBERT S. LITWAK, is director of international studies at the Woodrow, Wilson Center, May 1, 2001 Los Angeles Times SECTION: Metro; Part 2; Page 9; Op Ed Desk HEADLINE: Commentary;'Rogue' Labels Put U.S. in Straightjacket //VT2002acsln

The revival of "rogue" rhetoric is linked to the Bush administration's efforts to drum up support for a national missile defense. The "rogue" label carries the dubious connotation of a "crazy" state not susceptible to traditional deterrence of the kind that worked during the Gulf War even with the ruthlessly expansionist, but not irrational, Saddam Hussein.

Critics wrongly condemned the Clinton administration's dropping of the "rogue" term as political spin to rationalize an engagement policy toward odious regimes. To the contrary, jettisoning this flawed category allowed us to differentiate between cases; it did not commit us to blanket engagement. Iraq is a case in point, where the threat posed by Hussein requires a continued policy of containment and isolation.

CONCERNS ABOUT SO-CALLED "ROGUE" STATES ARE USED TO JUSTIFY NMD EARLY DEPLOYMENT DECISION

Los Angeles Times February 18, 2000, SECTION: Metro; Part B; Page 6; HEADLINE: MISSILE DECISION: GO SLOW // ACS-LN

Concerns over the efforts of North Korea, Iran and other unfriendly states to develop long-range missiles justify U.S. plans to create a National Missile Defense system that would detect, track and destroy attacking missiles outside Earth's atmosphere.

SO-CALLED ROGUE STATES ARE A FOCUS FOR NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE CONCERNS

William S. Cohen March 1, 2000, The Times (London) HEADLINE: 'Rogue states cannot hope to blackmail America or her allies' //acs-ln

Now the United States worries about programmes in Iraq, Iran, North Korea and other rogue countries that seek to build or buy nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and the missiles to deliver them.

NORTH KOREA AND IRAN THREATS ARE USED TO PROMOTE NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

THE KANSAS CITY STAR February 8, 2000, SECTION: OPINION; Pg. B6 HEADLINE: Growing missile threat requires a defense // ACS-LN-02-10-00

"Cold War disciplines are gone," John Holum, acting undersecretary of state for arms control and international security affairs, told Congress last year. "In light of new estimates on the ballistic missile threat, in particular from North Korea and Iran, national missile defense is now closer to becoming another integral part of our strategy against proliferation."

IRAN, IRAQ, AND NORTH KOREA ARE USED AS THREATS JUSTIFYING MISSILE DEFENSE

Holger Jensen February 6, 2000, DENVER ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS SECTION: Local; Ed. Final; Pg. 39A HEADLINE: CIA DIRECTOR MAKES CASE FOR ANTI-MISSILE DEFENSE // ACS-LN-02-10-00

CIA Director George Tenet painted a picture of a highly dangerous world in his annual appearance before the Senate Intelligence Committee last week, with a ''steadily emerging'' missile threat and a new generation of terrorists.

''Over the next 15 years our cities will face ballistic missile threats from a wider variety of actors - North Korea, probably Iran, and possibly Iraq,'' said Tenet. And much of this is due to ''direct foreign help, mostly from Russia and China.''

NORTH KOREA IS THE FOCAL POINT OF CALLS FOR EARLY DEPLOYMENT

THE KANSAS CITY STAR February 8, 2000, SECTION: OPINION; Pg. B6 HEADLINE: Growing missile threat requires a defense // ACS-LN-02-10-00

The most appropriate framework for viewing this issue is not the inevitably rocky path of technological advancement but the threat that justifies the missile-defense program in the first place.

If there's any focal point of this threat, it's North Korea. Despite its abject poverty, this hermetic country has put a high priority on ballistic missile production for decades. These efforts are bearing fruit.

North Korea already has a 620-mile missile capable of reaching Japan. In August 1998, it launched a three-stage rocket that nearly put a satellite in orbit.

LINK: MISSILE DEFENSE IS PERCEIVED AS NEEDED AGAINST A THREAT FROM NORTH KOREA, IRAN, OR IRAQ

The New York Times, February 17, 2000, SECTION: Section A; Page 28; HEADLINE: Forced Dash to a Missile Defense // acs-ln

Perfecting and building a limited national missile defense would give America added security against future threats from North Korea, Iran and Iraq.

DEVELOPMENTS IN NORTH KOREA COULD CREATE AN URGENCY FOR EARLY DEPLOYMENT

The New York Times, February 17, 2000, SECTION: Section A; Page 28; HEADLINE: Forced Dash to a Missile Defense // acs-ln

North Korea's recent advances in missile technology call for some urgency. But the right course is to allow another 6 to 12 months of testing to make sure the system is effective. Too often weapons systems have been pushed into production without adequate testing and incorporating mistakes that must later be fixed at enormous expense.

WHAT MOTIVATES CONGRESS TO SUPPORT NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE IS PERCEIVED THREATS FROM SO-CALLED "ROGUE" NATIONS

Michael Romano, DENVER ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS March 18, 1999, SECTION: News/National/International; Ed. FINAL; Pg. 7A HEADLINE: SCHAFFER: 'STAR WARS' NECESSARY - MOSCOW VISIT CONVINCES CONGRESSMAN U.S. NEEDS MISSILE-ATTACK SHIELD // lnu-acs

''What motivates us,'' he [Rep. Schaffer ] said, ''is the emergence of intercontinental ballistic missiles from rogue nations - Iran, Libya, Iraq, China and North Korea. We believe we should and can do this while maintaining and strengthening our friendship with the Russian people.''

PERCEPTION OF INCREASED THREATS FROM SO-CALLED "ROGUE" STATES MAKE CLINTON MORE LIKELY TO APPROVE NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT

JOHN M. BRODER  The New York Times March 18, 1999, SECTION: Section A; Page 22;  HEADLINE: Clinton's Flip-Flop // lnu-acs

Administration officials said Mr. Clinton had been swayed by more than public opinion, which has always looked favorably on some form of missile defense. The President and Democrats in Congress began to temper their opposition to developing a missile defense system after North Korea last August tested a three-stage ballistic missile with enough range to hit United States troops in Asia and potentially to reach North America.

PERCEIVED THREATS FROM TOPIC NATIONS CREATE PRESSURE FOR NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

DERRICK Z. JACKSON The Boston Globe March 26, 1999, SECTION: OP-ED; Pg. A23 HEADLINE: Star Wars politics // lnu-acs

Such is the wailing in Washington, where Clinton and Congress are about to spend at least another $10.5 billion over the next six years to produce a missile defense system that would destroy enemy projectiles only seconds after they left the ground. Despite our unrivaled nuclear stockpile, we have scared ourselves back into yesteryear over so-called "rogue" states in Asia and the Arab world.

"We are affirming that there is a threat, and the threat is growing, and that it will pose a danger not only to our troops overseas but also to Americans here at home," said Defense Secretary William Cohen.

RUSSIA-INDIA-CHINA AXIS IS CAUSED BY INCREASED USA LEADERSHIP AND CONCERN ABOUT THEATER MISSILE DEFENSES

Los Angeles Times, October 4, 1999, Part B; Page 6; Editorial Writers Desk HEADLINE: ANTI-U.S. AXIS? // ln-acs

Among the attitudes shared by the three: resentment of U.S.-led NATO's military operations in Kosovo, which all saw as impermissible interference in another country's internal affairs; worries about growing Islamic militancy in Central Asia, and opposition to possible U.S. development and deployment of a theater missile defense system that could reduce the value of China's and Russia's strategic weapons.

IT IS PERCEIVED THREATS FROM SO-CALLED "ROGUE" STATES WHICH INCREASE PRESSURE FOR NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN) March 29, 1999, SECTION: NEWS; Pg. 12A HEADLINE: Star Wars lite; Missile defense would be costly mistake // lnu-acs

     Conservative think tanks and their allies in Congress have long sung hymns to missile defense; last year many liberals became converts. The impetus was twofold: In July a commission of experts concluded that rogue states could make intercontinental missiles in five years. Then North Korea conducted a partly successful test of a three-stage missile. Once-theoretical threats now seemed imminent.

USA JUSTIFIES MISSILE DEFENSE BASED ON ITS PERCEPTION OF SO-CALLED "ROGUE" STATES

JOHN POMFRET; STAFFWRITER WASHINGTON POST, The Plain Dealer, November 11, 1999 SECTION: NATIONAL; Pg. 10A HEADLINE: CHINESE CRITICIZE U.S. EFFORT TO BUILD ANTI-MISSILE DEFENSE // acs-ln-11-19-99

Washington has justified its interest in a missile defense system by saying it is not targeted at any traditional power but rather at "rogue states" such as North Korea or Iraq.

FEAR OF ROGUE STATES COULD DRIVE USA TO EARLY MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT

Philipp Bleek, Federation of American Scientists;. Frank von Hippel professor of public and international affairsPrinceton University. The Washington Post, December 12, 1999, SECTION: OP-ED; Pg. B09 HEADLINE: Missile Defense: A Dangerous Move //acs-ln-12-22-99

Like an elephant stampeded by a mouse, the United States is being driven toward increased danger by the fear that North Korea or Iran could soon acquire nuclear-armed missiles capable of reaching this country. A U.S. national missile defense system is in development, and a deployment decision on a "thin" defense against a small number of missiles is scheduled for July 2000.

THE THREAT FROM SO-CALLED "ROGUE" NATIONS IS WHAT DRIVS THE POLITICS OF NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

JONATHAN F. REICHERT, Ph.D., is president of TeachSpin Inc., The Buffalo News

May 2, 1999, SECTION: VIEWPOINTS, Pg. 1H HEADLINE: STAR WARS REVISITED;

U.S. STILL PURSUING A TECHNOLOGICAL MIRACLE TO PROTECT IT FROM;

HARM.THERE'S JUST ONE PROBLEM -- IT WON'T WORK // lnu-acs

Although hoping for that outcome, I knew from the very beginning that this idea is deeply entrenched in the American psyche and, like the monsters in cheap horror movies, it will keep rising from the dead. And as in these films, some of us will have to remain diligent, ready to drive a stake through its heart over and over again.

And now the program is rising again. Why? The "rogue" threat .

THE AUTOMATIC RESPONSE TO INCREASED SO-CALLED "ROGUE" NATIONS THREATS IS TO INCREASE PRESSURE FOR NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

JONATHAN F. REICHERT, Ph.D., is president of TeachSpin Inc., The Buffalo News

May 2, 1999, SECTION: VIEWPOINTS, Pg. 1H HEADLINE: STAR WARS REVISITED;

U.S. STILL PURSUING A TECHNOLOGICAL MIRACLE TO PROTECT IT FROM;

HARM.THERE'S JUST ONE PROBLEM -- IT WON'T WORK // lnu-acs

Obviously, the logic goes, we should use our high-tech knowledge to defeat this onerous threat. And the logical answer is a national missile defense system.

CONGRESSIONAL FORCES OPPOSE "APPEASEMENT" OF SO-CALLED "ROGUE" STATES SUCH AS NORTH KOREA

Frank Umbach, Senior Research Fellow at the German Society for

Foreign Affairs (DGAP) in Berlin, Jane's Intelligence Review, October 1, 1999 wise to P'yongyang's nuclear blackmail // ln-10/99-acs

Unsurprisingly, the new food for access agreement could not satisfy critical voices in the US Congress, which have dismissed Clinton's policy towards North Korea as appeasement. In the view of those critics, 'potato diplomacy' will only strengthen North Korea's blackmail policies towards the USA, South Korea and Japan.

THREATS FROM SO-CALLED "ROGUE" NATIONS MOBILIZE SUPPORTERS OF NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE

Peter Maass; The New York Times September 26, 1999, Section 6; Page 58; HEADLINE: Get Ready, Here Comes the Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle // ln-10/99-acs

"I would argue that with Russia being the basket case that it is today, we have more threats than we had when we had the cold war going on between us and the Soviet Union, and they are much more divergent threats," says Representative Curt Weldon, Republican of Pennsylvania, a longtime advocate of missile defense whose office is decorated with models of rockets and fighter planes. "They are threats that come not just from Russia but from North Korea, from Iran, Iraq, perhaps from China and from terrorist activities, and much of it is because of proliferation."